Climate Risk Overview

The climate crisis has begun — adaptation solutions reflecting the characteristics of Gyeonggi-do.

To minimize the real damage caused by the climate crisis, Gyeonggi-do requires its own adaptation strategy that reflects its unique topography, climate, urban structure, and demographic characteristics. The platform provides comprehensive information, including thermal comfort evaluation through 3D simulations, flood risk analysis based on actual disaster data, AI-based landslide risk ratings, and profiles of vulnerable populations by age, health, and income. This information forms the foundation for effective adaptation strategies and supports scientific decision-making.

Climate Change Current Status in Gyeonggi-do

In 2024, for the first time in Korea Meteorological Administration records, the national annual average temperature exceeded 14°C. In 2023, Gyeonggi-do recorded the coldest winter in the past five years. According to the Meteorological Data Open Portal, Gyeonggi-do’s average temperature has also been rising annually.

  • Automated Synoptic Observing System (ASOS) is an automated system that measures various weather elements such as temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and solar radiation with high precision. Installed at major observation sites nationwide, it serves as the standard for national weather observation. Data collected simultaneously is used for forecasts, climate statistics, and climate change analysis.
  • Major greenhouse gases such as CO₂ and CH₄ are measured in real time at monitoring stations in Gimpo and Pyeongtaek, enabling close observation of climate change trends.

Temperature

Rainfall

이산화탄소 농도

Future Climate Change Scenarios for Gyeonggi-do

Climate change scenarios (SSP-RCP) combine socioeconomic pathways—such as population, economy, and energy—with greenhouse gas concentration pathways to project future climate conditions. Based on these, Global Climate Models (GCMs) scientifically simulate changes in temperature, precipitation, and other factors for 2050 and 2100.
It provides future climate information by incorporating the impacts of anthropogenic factors, such as greenhouse gases and aerosols. This information can be used by Gyeonggi-do to anticipate and minimize the potential damages from climate change.

SSP (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways) Scenario

The SSP scenario, used in the IPCC 6th Assessment Report (2021), is a framework developed to explain the socioeconomic context of climate change based on changes in social, economic, educational, and technological factors. SSP is structured to comprehensively explore how climate change interacts with society, economy, and technological development. Five representative pathways (SSP1–SSP5) are presented. Combined with the RCP scenarios, SSP is used to analyze diverse climate change scenarios, contributing to a detailed understanding of the causes and effects of climate change.

SSP 시나리오 1 SSP 시나리오 2

1) RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) Scenario

The RCP scenario, used in the IPCC 5th Assessment Report (2013), is a set of representative greenhouse gas concentration pathways established to predict future climate change. RCP presents multiple pathways based on the radiative forcing level (W/m²) up to 2100, with RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5 as representative examples. These scenarios are used to scientifically analyze climate responses to changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

RCP 시나리오

SSP-RCP scenario analysis case

Analysis Case 01 Changes in Average Temperature and Thermal Index on the Korean Peninsula Based on the SSP-RCP Climate Change Scenario

This study analyzed changes in the average temperature and thermal index of the Korean Peninsula in the 21st century based on the SSP-RCP scenario. Under the high-carbon scenario, temperatures could increase by up to 6.2℃ and the thermal index by approximately 64% by 2100.

Analysis Case 02 Damage Cost Analysis of Climate Change on Coastal Fisheries

This study estimated the damage costs of climate change on coastal fisheries based on an SSP scenario. Under the high greenhouse gas emissions scenario, damages are expected to rise significantly due to decreased catch.

Analysis Case 03 Projection of Changes in Rice Climate Productivity Index on the Korean Peninsula Using High-Resolution (1km) SSP-RCP Scenario

This study analyzed changes in rice climate productivity (CYP) on the Korean Peninsula using the SSP-RCP scenario and 1 km high-resolution climate data. Under the severe warming SSP585 scenario, optimal rice flowering dates are delayed and productivity decreases, highlighting the need for greenhouse gas reduction and climate adaptation measures.

Analysis Case 04 Estimating Climate Change Damage Costs in Korea Using RCP-SSP Matrix

This study quantitatively estimated Koreas climate change damage costs for each RCP-SSP scenario combination using the PAGE09 integrated model. In the high-emission, low-adaptation scenario (RCP8.5–SSP3), 2100 damage costs could reach 5.22% of GDP, whereas in the low-emission, high-adaptation scenario (RCP2.6–SSP1), it could decrease to 0.88%.

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Scenario Analysis Conditions

SSP Scenario
기후요소
기본요소
극한기후지수(고온)
극한기후지수(저온)
극한기후지수(강수)
영향정보(농업)
영향정보(산림)
영향정보(보건)
Gyeonggi-do
SSP1-2.6 재생에너지 기술 발달로 화석연료 사용이 최소화되고 친환경적으로
지속가능한 경제성장을 이룰것으로 가정하는 경우

Ranking by Administrative Districts in Gyeonggi-do

Assumes environmentally sustainable economic growth with the development of renewable energy technology and minimal use of fossil fuels (low-carbon scenario)

Gyeonggi-do
2021
2021 2031 2041 2051 2061 2071 2081 2091 2100
2021

Climate Crisis Status in Gyeonggi-do

‘Heavy snow exceeding 40 cm’, ‘Emergency response Level 3 for the first time in 12 years’, ‘Yeoju, Gyeonggi-do 40°C’. Summer and winter in Gyeonggi-do are breaking records daily. Representative climate crisis phenomena due to extreme climate change include heavy rain, heat waves, and landslides.

Heat Wave

Recently, the number of heat-related illnesses and casualties caused by heat waves has been increasing. Between 2011 and 2022, the average annual increase rate of heat-related illnesses in Gyeonggi-do was 3.5%, while the average annual increase rate over the past three years (2020–2022) was 24.9%, indicating a sharp rise in heat-related illnesses.

Extreme Rain

Damage from extreme rainfall was particularly severe in 1998, 2011, and 2022. In 1998, total damage reached 500 billion won, and in 2011, approximately 24,000 people were affected, indicating substantial loss of life. In 2022, large-scale extreme rainfall caused additional damage, totaling approximately 200 billion won.

Landslide

Most landslides in Gyeonggi-do occur during heavy rain periods from June to October, showing clear regional concentration rather than annual variation. From 2018 to 2024, landslides occurred at 1,628 sites, with recent intensive occurrences in Icheon-si, Yangpyeong-gun, and Anseong-si.

Heat Wave

Heat Wave Occurrence in Gyeonggi-do

(2020-2024)

0

Days

Heat-related Illness Patients in Gyeonggi-do

(2021-2023)

0

Persons

Increase Rate of Heat-related Illnesses in Gyeonggi-do

(2021~2023)

0

%

Heat-related Illness Mortality Rate in Rural Areas Compared to Urban Areas

(National Average) 0.9%)

0

%

Highest Temperature in Gyeonggi-do(ASOS)

(2021-2025)

0

°C

Heat Wave

A heat wave is defined as a period when the daily maximum perceived temperature is 33°C or higher for more than 2 consecutive days. A heat wave warning is issued when the daily maximum temperature reaches 35°C or higher. However, regional characteristics cause significant differences in perceived temperatures, and vulnerable groups such as the elderly, infants, low-income populations, and outdoor workers face higher risks.

Gyeonggi-do is experiencing a rapid increase in the frequency of heat waves due to climate change. From 2011 to 2022, the average annual increase rate of heat-related illnesses in Gyeonggi-do was 3.5%, about twice the national average (1.8%). Over the recent three years (2020–2022), the rate surged to 24.9%, significantly higher than the national average of 8.4%.

Our platform used UMEP software and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) to precisely analyze actual thermal comfort across Gyeonggi-do. This map illustrates the actual thermal environment, considering humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and other factors, rather than temperature alone.

Users can identify heat wave–vulnerable areas using the data and implement effective measures such as shade shelters and park greening. Citizens can understand their local thermal environment and prepare effectively for heat waves.

폭염 이미지
폭염 등급 평가

The heat wave rating reflects a scientific analysis of the thermal environment across Gyeonggi-do. Using 3D building data, LiDAR, and meteorological observations, the thermal comfort perceived by humans was evaluated on a 10-level UTCI scale, considering temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation comprehensively. This allows precise identification of heat wave–vulnerable areas and the establishment of customized response policies.

Data 02 Sensible Temperature During a Heat Wave
OPEN & Share 바로가기 Go to Climate Map 데이터 작성방법
폭염발생시 체감온도

This represents the spatial thermal environment across Gyeonggi-do using UMEP, considering temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation comprehensively.

Data 03 Current Status of Heat-related Illnesses
온열질환자 현황 이미지

Using National Health Insurance data, we compiled heat-related illness cases by administrative district. Patients who experienced heatstroke, heat syncope, heat cramps, or dehydration-related heat exhaustion during summer were counted to create administrative district–level heat-related illness data.

무더위쉼터 이미지

Using latitude and longitude coordinates of heat shelters, we mapped the distribution and counted the number of shelters by administrative district.

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Card Graph View

Thermal Comfort Evaluation Results

Gyeonggi-do

경기도 열쾌적성 평가 결과 통계

선택할 수 있는 데이터

    Table View

    Thermal Comfort Evaluation Results

    Heat Wave 데이터

    Heat Wave 데이터
    선택 문구
    선택된 시군/읍면동 또는 데이터가 없습니다. 시군/읍면동 또는 데이터를 선택하여 주십시오.

    Extreme Rainfall

    Increase in Precipitation in Gyeonggi-do

    (2014-2024)

    +

    0

    mm

    Property Damage

    (2019-2023)

    Approx.

    0

    KRW 100 Million

    Number of Affected People

    (2019-2023)

    0

    Persons

    Number of Casualties

    (2019-2023)

    22

    Persons (13% of Nationwide)

    Number of Damaged Buildings

    (2019-2023)

    0

    동 (20% of Nationwide)

    Extreme Rainfall

    Extreme rainfall in Gyeonggi-do is increasing continuously due to climate change. In 2023 alone, Gyeonggi-do recorded 193 heavy rain warnings, the highest on record, and instances of hourly rainfall exceeding 200 mm are becoming more frequent.

    Flood risk does not affect all areas equally. From 2007 to 2022, flood damage in Gyeonggi-do totaled KRW 874 billion, the highest nationwide, with regional differences exceeding 20-fold. Areas with high concentrations of elderly residents and low-lying semi-basement housing are at greater risk.

    To prepare for extreme rainfall, eight years of data (2016–2023) were systematically analyzed, and flood risk was assessed across Gyeonggi-do at city/county and 100m×100m grid levels. Using four criteria—risk factors, exposure, vulnerability, and response capacity—11 detailed indicators, including rainfall patterns, building distribution, vulnerable population, and disaster prevention facilities, were analyzed to scientifically derive the actual flood risk level for each area. Genetic algorithms and Euclidean-based optimization weights were applied to minimize errors between actual damage and assessment results.

    Flood Risk Index Maps are key tools for data-driven disaster prevention decision-making. Local governments can allocate limited budgets and manpower to the highest-risk areas, provide concentrated support for vulnerable populations, and develop customized evacuation plans. Additionally, it can serve as scientific evidence for long-term infrastructure planning, such as river maintenance and green infrastructure, significantly enhancing policy effectiveness.

    극한호우 이미지
    극한호우 위험도 순위

    The city/county flood risk index in Gyeonggi-do is quantitative evaluation data calculated using an AI-based genetic algorithm. Using the national flood risk Map and 11 indicators—including buildings, population, farmland, and old structures—flood risk factors, exposure, and vulnerability were analyzed by city and county, and the index was calculated with optimal weights minimizing discrepancies with heavy rain and typhoon damage rankings. The calculated index quantifies flood risk by city and county, providing a scientific basis for disaster prevention and policy-making.

    극한호우 위험등급

    The Gyeonggi-do grid-level flood risk index is precise assessment data derived from an integrated analysis of 9 indicators across three categories—risk factors, exposure, and vulnerability—using a 100m spatial grid and flood risk maps. Each indicator was scored based on quantiles and weighted using entropy. After normalizing indices for the three categories, the comprehensive flood risk was calculated using Euclidean distance. The index allows precise identification of grid-level risk distribution in urban and rural areas, facilitating local disaster response and spatially tailored policy-making.

    Data 03 Vulnerable Facilities for Extreme Rainfall
    OPEN & Share 바로가기 Go to Climate Map 데이터 작성방법
    극한호우 취약시설

    Information on flood-vulnerable facilities in Gyeonggi-do was constructed by integrating attribute data from building registration records and LiDAR-based high-resolution spatial data. Spatial information from LiDAR, including building location, height, and area, was combined with registration attributes—use, floors, structure, construction year—to identify facilities vulnerable to extreme rainfall, such as basements or old buildings. This data can support practical policy-making, including disaster response planning and prioritization of disaster prevention facilities.

    Data 04 River and Urban Flood Prediction Map (Ministry of Environment)
    OPEN & Share 바로가기 Go to Climate Map
    하천범람 및 도시침수 예측 지도 (환경부)

    The river flood map visualizes the extent and depth of flooding caused by embankment collapse or overflow under extreme flood conditions exceeding design frequency. This map covers national and local rivers and provides scenarios based on the frequency of each planned flood. The urban flood map depicts flooding extent and depth in five levels (below 0.5 m to above 5 m), assuming stormwater drainage capacity is exceeded or malfunctioning. Both maps, developed and distributed by the Ministry of Environment, are used for disaster management policies, including risk area designation, disaster prevention planning, and early warning system development.

    침수흔적지도

    A flood trace map is spatial data recording the extent and depth of flood damage from typhoons or heavy rainfall based on field surveys and measurements. In accordance with the Natural Disaster Countermeasures Act, local government heads prepare it within six months of the damage, and it is provided by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety. The map includes information on flood extent, depth, and duration, and is used to identify frequently flooded areas, designate disaster risk zones, establish recovery plans, and determine priorities for installing disaster prevention facilities.

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    Extreme heavy rainfall risk ranking

    경기도 홍수위험도 세부지표(2023년 기준)

    선택할 수 있는 데이터

      Extreme heavy rainfall risk level

      Population vulnerable to extreme rainfall

      Gyeonggi-do

      경기도 극한호우 취약인구 통계

      선택할 수 있는 데이터

        Facilities vulnerable to extreme rainfall

        Landslide

        Number of landslide cases in Gyeonggi-do

        (2018~2024year)

        0

        Landslide damage area

        (2018~2024year)

        0

        (ha)

        Landslide damage cost

        (2018~2024year)

        0

        KRW thousand

        Landslide recovery cost

        (2018~2024year)

        0

        KRW thousand

        Number of designated landslide vulnerable areas

        (As of December 2024)

        0

        Landslide

        Landslides are one of the most unpredictable natural disasters, causing fatal damage to lives and property. In particular, the increase in extreme rainfall and wildfires due to climate change is further increasing the risk of landslides.

        Our platform collected and analyzed data on 1,316 landslides that actually occurred in Gyeonggi-do over the past 6 years (2018-2023) to accurately reflect local landslide characteristics. These extensive real-world cases were combined with AI technology to classify landslide risk areas.

        In the evaluation process, various environmental factors such as topography, soil characteristics, and vegetation distribution (slope, slope curvature, terrain wetness index (TWI), soil depth, forest type, density, etc.) were comprehensively considered. In particular, we aimed to reflect realistic terrain characteristics through aerial LiDAR surveying in 2024. Through this process, we precisely analyzed landslide risks across Gyeonggi-do and visualized the vulnerable areas.

        This information provides practical safety insights to citizens and plays a key role in developing disaster prevention measures for local governments. In particular, disaster management departments can use this information to efficiently conduct intensive monitoring and preventive maintenance in high-risk areas.

        산사태 이미지
        산사태위험등급 지도 이미지

        The Gyeonggi-do landslide risk level map is spatial data constructed at 10m resolution, developed using AI prediction models such as XGBoost, based on LiDAR topographic data and landslide history records. Using major factors such as slope gradient and soil depth, landslide risk is visualized in five levels, providing a scientific basis for disaster prevention and safety policy development.

        Data 02 Landslide Occurrence History
        OPEN & Share 바로가기 Go to Climate Map
        산사태 발생이력

        The Gyeonggi-do landslide occurrence history dataset is based on the landslide disaster register from 2018 to 2024, and includes information such as the time and location of each landslide in the province. This dataset serves as a key foundation for various administrative and scientific purposes, such as monitoring landslide risk areas and developing disaster prevention policies.

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        Landslide Risk Level Map

        Landslide Occurrence History

        Local Weather Information

        Provides real-time, accurate local weather information and weather alerts.

        기상청 500m 고해상도 기상정보를 활용하여 정밀한 기상정보를 제공합니다.

        기상청 500m 고해상도 기상정보를 활용하여 정밀한 기상정보를 제공합니다.

        체감
        -˚
        습도
        -%
        풍향
        -m/s

          기상특보

          발령정보

          통합대기환경지수 - (-)

          Air Quality Information at Monitoring Stations

          내 위치에서 가까운 측정소가 조회되면 차트가 표시됩니다.

          This graph is based on real-time air quality information.
          More information is available from the Gyeonggi-do Air Quality Information Service.